Compression-operated ignition device.



w. F. STANTON.

COMPRESSION OPERATED IGNITION DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED mm; 24. I916.

R %55 @%1@ Patented Feb. 5, 1918 4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

W. F. STANTON. COMPRESSION OPERATED mmmom DEVICE.

APPLICATION mm mm: m. 19w. I

Patented Feb. 5,1918. 7

SHEETS-SHEET 2- w. F. S IANTON. COMPRESSION OPERATED IGNIIION DEVICE. v APPLICATION FILFZDJUNEMJQHO-V Lfi55,fi%1v k y I 1 Patented Feb. 5, 11918.

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' APPLICATION FILED JUNE 24, I916- mmmmw 'memed Feb. 5,1918.

4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

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COMPRESSION-OPERATED IGNITION DEVICE.

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7 Application filed June 24, 1916. Serial No. 105,649.

'To all whom it may concern:

llie it known that I, WARREN F. STANTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Pawtucket, in the county of Providence and State of Rhode Island, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Compression- Operated Ignition Devices, of which the following is a specification.

. My invention relates to compression operated ignition devices adapted for use in conjunction with internal combustion engines, pumps, and other devices.

The essential objects of my invention are to produce an effective spark for the ignition of combustible gases at a minimum rate of compression, especially at the time of starting so as to render rapid cranking uns.

necessary; to vary the rate of speed of op- .eration of the device and control the timing of the produced spark under all conditions; to prevent shocks to the armature and oscillatmg'parts of the magneto; to avoid strains to the device caused by the piston reciprocating members, and the explosion of the charge; to avoid noise; to so house the device as to protect the parts from the exte rior element-s and'retain the lubricant; to

maintain the parts at a lowtemperature; to'

concentrate all wear on easily renewable parts; to utilize portions of the operating mechanism for conducting the generated electrical current; to automatically lubricate the piston; and to prevent sticking of the latter.

means and mechanism for producing the I results above specified substantially as hereinafterdescrihed and claimed, and as shown in theaccompanying. drawings which form a part of this specification, wherein Figures 1 and 2 are plan and side elevations respectively of 'my ignition device, showing the adjacent part of the engine in section,

Figs. 3 and 4, sections respectively on lines 33 and ir-4 of Fig. 2,

Fig. 5, a'partial section on line 5- 5 of Fig, 3 witha portion of the housing removed, ,j I

Fig. 6, a bottom plan view of the armature returning mechanism,

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 5, Twin.

in 15 is the compression area or combustion chamber. An opening 16 in the cylinder wall accommodates the rear portion of the igniter plug 17, which is attached-to the engine in the present instance by an intermediate annular flange 18 carrying bolts 19 engaging in threaded cavities 20 in the cylinder wall.

Mounted upon the plug in any convenient manner is a magneto or generator. 'In' the present instance a bracket arm 22 has on one end an attaching plate 23 fixed by screws 24;

to the flange 18, and is integral at its other with the frame or casin 26 of the magneto which has a hollow cylindrical upper portion 27, provided with an opening 28 in its top which is closed .by a removable cap .or cover 29 retained in position by a resilient finger 30 pivoted on a screw 31 in the easing.' .The casing portion 27 has integral extensions 33 and 34 in aline'men't with each other. The former has a longitudinal bore 35 in line with a piston chamber 36 extending through the plug. The extension 33 has transverse grooves 37 at its end adjacentthe plug to form an air passage communicating with a piston chamber 36. An asbestos pad 38 separates the flange 23 from the flange 18, and there is a piston 40 whose end face is exposed to theexplosion chamber 15 of the engine. This piston comprises a wall 42 and has upon its exterior spaced annular grooves 43. The piston rod comprises preferably a section 415 rigid with the piston, and a section 46 loosely connected to the rigidsection. This connection in the present instance comprises a cylindrical head 48. on section loosely retained in a cavity 49 in the end of section 46 by a flange 50. A hardened convexity or button 51 at the end of the cavity forms a bearing for the head. A T-slot 54 in the side of section 46 permits the insertion of the head 48. The piston sections are relatively rotatable and have capacity for assuming angular relations with each other. The section 46 extends through passage 35 in'the extension 33, also across the casing portion 27, and into the extension 34.

The extension 33 has also a passage 58 n alinement with a cylindrical bearing 59 n the extension 34 parallel with a passage 60 in the latter and with the passage 35. There is a bore 62 passing longitudinally through the lug in alinement with the passage 58. In t e bore 62, passage 58 and seat 59 is an axially movable grounded electrode. 64 fixed to whose inner end is a contact finger 65 within the compression chamber. A second electrode 67 is fixed in the plug longitudinallythereof and is separated therefrom by an insulating sleeve 69. This electrode extends into the combustion chamber and has a lateral projection 70 in the path of the vibratory finger 65.' This electrode terminates in a binding post 71.

The'outer end of the piston rod is journaled'or slidable in a removable bearing72 in the passage 60 of the extension 34.- It has an'annular shoulder 73 abutting against a shoulder 74 in said extension, and the'rear face of said shoulder has abutting thereon the end of a thimble 7 6 having a thread 77 engaging a thread 78 in the extension. In the thimble is a slidable cap 7 9 of sufiicient diameter to receive the section 46 as 'a sliding fit, and whose openend abuts against the bearing. In its closed end is a pad 80 of leather or similar material; against the cap abuts one end of a helical spring 81, whose-other end rests against the closed end of the thimble. A removable bearing 82 surrounds the section 46 in the extension 33 and has a shoulder 83 abutting against a shoulder 84 in said section. The piston section 46 has two annular flanges 85 and 86,

and against the flange 85 abuts one end of a compression spring 87, whose other end abuts against the shoulder 83.-

The reciprocation of the piston vibrates the electrode 64 thus. U po'n-the latter memher is fixed by a clamping screw 89, or otherwise, a collar carrying a finger 91 provided with a cam face 92 as shown in Fig. 9, which is in the path of one of the flanges 86, andis normallymaintained in the path by a torsional spring 93 surrounding the electrode and fixed at one end to the screw 89 and at its other end in a cavity. '94 in the casing. z

The magneto or generator, as herein 7 shown, is of the ordinary type comprising the casing 26 carrying magnets 95 and the armature shaft 96 journaled in an upper and lower bearing 97 and 98. Fast to the upper end of the armature shaft is a flat lever or crank 101 having near its end a crank pin 102 which extends between the flanges 85 and 86.

The bearing 98 is in an extension 99 of the casing 26, and the latter has an annular channel 103 to receive the hub 104 of an arm 105 oscillatory on the extension.

In the present instance the channel is bounded by a shoulder 106 on the casing exterior, and by a flange 107 on the lower end of the bearing member 98. Attached to the lower extremity of the armature shaft 96, by a set screw 109 or otherwise, is a crank arm 110. Passing through an opening 112 in the arm is a crank pin 114 having the end 115 of the conductor 149 wound around it, and provided with a head 116 on its rear end, and a nut 11? against which abuts a disk 118 loose'on the pin and provided with a peripheral groove 119, said disk being retained by a cotter pin 120. Seated in the groove is the hooked end 121 of a retractile spring 122, whose opposite end 123 is fixed in an ear 127 on a plate 128 slidable on the lower face of the arm 105 and provided with a longitudinal slot 129 traversed by-a screw 130 having a head 131 which loosely abuts against the plate and has a diametrical hole 132 to slidably receive a pin 133 journaled in :1 lug 135 on the arm 105, and provided with a thread 137 engaging in a threaded opening 139 in the ear 127. A milled head 141 upon the end of the pin has an adjacent shoulder 142 adjacent the lug 135. Upon the extension 98 is a lug 143 provided with a curved surface which is preferably a cam face 144,

having a series of cavities 145 adapted to form seats for the end. of the pin 133 and lock the arm 105 by virtue of spring 122.

in'the radial position assumed by the latter: The longitudinally slidable capacity of this pin permits it to be withdrawn for insertion into any cavity or outside of the segment. By rotating this pin the tension on the spring 122 may be varied because of the threaded connection of the plate 128 and the threaded portion 137 of the pin.

The armature winding 146 has one terminal 147 grounded in the armature shaft,

" to the grooves in the piston taeaaai 156 in the armature shaft and crank disk respectively; as well as by an insulating block 157 in the lug 127. While the described electrical circuit is preferred it will be understood that it is not imperative.

It is desired to automatically lubricate the piston in proportion to the number of operating strokes of the piston. To this end means actuated by the piston is provided as follows. Recess 158 in the flange 18 has an opening into the piston chamber 36, leading into which is a-vent hole 159. Resting on the flange is the shank 160 of an oil cup 161. .Within the opening 158 is a plu 162 having a threaded connection with the ange and of reduced diameter at its lower portion to allow air communication between'the cylinder chamber and the venthole 159. A head 166 upon the plug abuts upon the base of the oil cup and has horizontal openings 168 leading to a vertical opening 169 extending longitudinally through the shank or plug 162. Loose in the-latter opening is the stem 170 of a valve 171 having a seat 172 in the head at the intersections ofthe openings 168 and 169. A cylindrical recess 1'74 is located in the head above the valve in which is seated a helical spring 175 down wardly pressin upon the valve, and normally maintainingthe projecting lower portion of the valve stem in the path of the piston'wall 42, whose advance elevates the valve and permits the flow of the lubricant from the oil cup through the assage 169 ange. heated gases which escape from the engine chamber around the piston escape through the vent opening 159.

together with the asbestos layer 38 serve'to maintain the parts supported by the plug at a relatively low temperature. For the protect-ion of the parts below th arm 105 there is provided, as shown in Fig. 2, a removable housing cap 176 whose upper edge abuts against the margin of the arm,and is provided at one end with a vertical slot 17 7 to admit therethrough the head 141 of the pin 133. This cap is retained in position by one or more spring fingers 179 riveted to its side, oropposite sides, as at 180, and engaging the edge of the arm.

The operation. of the mechanism is as follows. The piston. is forwardly impelled by the compression of the charge in the engine,

turning the. armature a part of a revolution through the members and 46., and the crank member 101, thereby generating a sparking current in theelectric circuit. The

advance. of the member 46 causes the flange to contact with the cam 91 on the electrode 64 thus forcing the contact arm away from the electrode 67 to create a spark. The spring 93 returns the arms to origmal This vent is independent of the cooling openings 37 which position. The advance of the member 46 is W cushioned by the butter spring 81 and by the pad whereby noise and shock to the structure is prevented. The spring 87 cushions the; movement of the member 46 in its opposite travel. The armature and piston are returned to their initial positions by the re tractile spring 122 operating through the crank arm 110. A change in the speed of piston return is attained by varying the tension of the. spring 122 by turning the pin 133. It is desirable to produce a spark at the lowest rate of compression, as when cranking, and at extremely low speeds of the'motor, because the compression in the cylinder must be built up near to highest compres- S1011 before the ignition device operates. It

is, therefore, necessary that when the required pressure is reached the force restraining the piston suddenly releases the mecha- -n1sm in order that thepressure may impart may. be varied from a high initial resistance relative to the'subsequent resistance. to a ratio of a lower initial resistance relative to the subsequent resistance. This is accom-. plished by changing-the axial position of the arm, and the values of any of these ratios may be varied Withincertain limits by increasing or decreasing the spring tension by turning the threaded pin 133 and by'swinging the arm 105to any of its radial positions. The member 133 changes the magnitude of the ratio, but not sufiiciently to reverse the'ratio. The movement of the arm, however, is suiiicient, without turning the member 133, to reverse the ratio. The arm is turned to the position shown in broken lines in Fig. 6 when the compression is being slowly built up at the time of starting, or at low speed. As the speed increases the arm is swung in the direction of the arrow a greater or less distance. Thus the timing of the spark is controlled under all conditions, and the rate of speed atwhich the device operates may. be varied. At any desired point of adjustment of the arm the pin 133 enters an adjacent cavity 145 and retains the arm against accidental movement. If.

The arm 105 may be immovable when'used is not allowed to escape. The wear occa-- sioned by. the member 46 is concentrated upon the bearings 72 and 82 which are easily removable and renewable.

' It will be observed that the oil cup is located adjacent the engine cylinder'where by the utilization of the heat, the oil flows in proportion as required. When the motor is cold little oil. is required. As it warms up more oil is required. Furthermore 1n case of oils of varying densities more thin oil is fed than viscous oil, which is the result desirable for lubrication purposes.

It will be further noted that in the electric circuit certain of the operative parts are employed as conductors, such as the spring 122. This spring because of its accessibility renders it available for repair or substitution.

The proximity of the plug 16 to the cylinder chamber has a tendency to heat the piston, as well as the plug excessively, and injury to former is prevented by the hollow character of the piston 40 by virture of the wa1l.42. The pistonand plug are further cooled by the passages 87 whereby fresh air is induced into the piston chamber and by outlets 159 through which the heated gases escape during the explosion period, thus preventing the mixing of the heated gases with the cooling air within the-hollow piston. w

The casing adj acent to the plug would become excessively hot by conduction, and to avoid this the heat insulating layer 38 is interposed between the casing and the plug.

The means described for cushioning the thrust of the piston is not exclusive but satisfactory results are attainable by the modified form of structures shown in Figs. 11 to 14 inclusive. In Fig. 11 the cushioning means is pneumatic, and in this instance the member 46 has preferably upon its end a head 182, movable in a sleeve 184 which is slidably mounted in the thimble 76. The sleeve has an outer end wall 186 provided with an opening 187 and is provided upon its inner end with an inturnedfiange 188 adapted to engage the head 182 and to abut against the member 72 at the end of the return reciprocation of-the member 46. As the sleeve 184 is shorter than the thimble there exists a resultant air space 189 in the end of the thimble.

sleeve outwardly thus compressing ti?" inal position by the cooperation of the Lian The head 182 in its ad-.

vance closes the opening 187 and forces 55 in chamber 189 and thereby absorbing t. shock of the piston advance. The return the member 46 returns the sleeve 184 teor 188 and head 182. This flange may. however, beomitted and a, spring 191 be snhstituted therefor to effect the sleeve return a shown in Fig. 13 wherein the thimble is vided with an end portion of reduced dia eter forming a seat 193 for the end of the spring.

A method of cushioning the piston ad vance by hydraulic means is shown in Fig. 12 where the thimble 7 6 has its end portion of reduced diameter to form a chamber 193 which is adapted to permit the head 1.82 to enter.

This chamber and the remainder of the thimble is partially filled with oil 195 or other liquid, and the advance of the piston with the member 46 and head 182 confines the liquid and air in the chamber 193 in a manner to cushion the advance reciprocation of the parts.

The cushioning effect is secured in the 0011- struction shown in Fig. 14 by combined spring, pneumatic, and hydraulic means. In this instance the thimble is reduced near its end to form the chamber 193, and is still further reduced at its end to form a seat 197 for the end of a spring 198 whichextends to the mouth of the chamber 193 and has its con-- fined end fixed to the thimble. T he ad Vance of the piston causes the head 182, in its advance, to confine the oil 195, encounter the spring 198, and compress the air in the chambers 193 and 197.

I claim In a compression operated ignition 6:,

vice, the combination of a current gencrating member, a crank on the member, an ex;- tension spring engaging the crank, a piston adapted to move the generating member on its axis against the tension of the s1'ning, and means operating upon the spring for varying the torque upon the current gcner= ating member.

2. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination of an armature shaft, a piston actuated by the engine charge adapted to move the shaft in one direction, av crank on the shaft, a spring engaging the crank adapted to move the armature in the opposite direction, and means for increasing or decreasing the tension on the spring.

3. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination of an oscillatory armature shaft, a piston actuated by the engine charge adapted to oscillate the armature ii"; one direction, a spring for returning thr shaft to original position, and means operataataaai initial to the final resistance offered to the motion of the armature shaft and piston.

4. In a compression operated ignition de vice, the combination of an oscillatory armature shaft, a piston actuated by the engine charge for oscillating the armature shaft in one direction, a spring for returning the shaft to original position, and means engaging the spring adapting it to exert a greater resistance to the movement of the piston and shaft at the moment of starting their advance relative to their subsequent motion.

5. In a compression ignition device, the combination of an oscillatory armature shaft, a piston actuated by the engine charge for moving the shaft in one direction, a crank on the shaft, a spring for moving the shaft in.the opposite direction attached at one end to the crank, and means for movinv the other end of the spring in a curved pat 6. In a compression ignition-device the combination of an oscillatory armature shaft, a piston actuated by the engine charge for moving the shaft in one direction, a crank on the shaft, and a spring engagingthe crank for oscillating the shaft in the opposite direction.

' 7.. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an oscillatory armature shaft mounted in the frame, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge operatively connected with the shaft, a crank on the shaft, an arm on the frame, anda spring attached to the arm and to the crank.

8. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an oscillatory armature shaft mounted in the frame, a piston in the frame actuated .by the engine charge operatively connected with the shaft, a crank on the .shaft, an arm pivotally mounted on the frame adjacent the shaft, a siring having one end attached to the cran and. its other end carried b the arm, and means on the arm for exten ing and contracting the spring.

9. Ina compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an oscillatory armature shaft mounted in the frame, a piston in the frame operatively connected with the shaft, a crank on the shaft, an arm pivotally mounted on the frame adjacent the shaft, a series of teeth upon the frame, a spring having one end attached to the'crank and lts other end carried by the arm, and a pin slidably mounted on the'arm engaging the teeth.

10. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an armature shaft mounted in the frame,'a piston in the frame operatively connected with the shaft, a orankon the shaft, an arm pivotally mounted onthe frame adjacent the shaft, an inclined series of teeth upon the frame, a spring having one end attached to the crank and its other end car pin mounted in the device, the combination with the frame, of

an armature shaft mounted in the frame, means for actuating the armature shaft, a crank on the shaft, a rocking arm mounted on the frame adjacent the shaft, a plate mounted for longitudinal movement on the arm, means for adjusting the plate, and a spring connecting the crank and the plate.

13. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination With the frame, of an armature shaft mounted in the frame, means for actuating the armature shaft, a crank on the shaft, an arm mounted on the frame adjacent the shaft, a plate mounted for longitudinal movement on the arm, means for adjusting the plate, and a spring connecting the crank and the plate.

'14. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of

an armature shaft mounted in the frame,

means for actuating the armature shaft, 1- a crank on the shaft, a rockin arm mounted on the frame. adjacent the s aft, a spring carried by the arm attached to the crank, and means attached to the spring operating independently ofthe arm for varyingthe tension of the spring. a

15. Ina compression operated ignition device, the combination With the frame, of an armature shaftin the frame, means for actuating the shaft, an arm pivota-lly mounted on the frame, a plate slidably mounted on the arm longitudinally thereof and provided with a threaded opening, a pin rotatably mounted in the arm and provided with a threaded portion engaging in the threaded opening, and a spring connecting the plate and crank.

16. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of

an oscillatory armature shaft in the frame, I a lever arm on the shaft, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge adapted to move the lever in one direction, re-

silient means for oscillating-the armature in the other direction, and yielding means in the frame in alinement with the piston for cushioning the movement of the plunger. 17..In a compression operated ignition an armature shaft in the frame, a lever arm on the shaft, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge adapted to oscillate the lever in one direction, resilient means for oscillating the lever in the other direction, and a buffer spring in the frame in alinement with the piston adapted to cushion the movement of the plunger.

18. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an armature shaft in the frame, a lever arm on the shaft, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge, a piston shaft on the piston, means on an intermediate portion of the piston shaft engaging the lever arm, a buffer spring in the path of the piston shaft, andresilient means engaging the armature shaft for moving the piston.

19. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an armature shaft in the frame, a lever arm on theshaft, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge, a piston shaft on the piston, projections on an intermediate portion of the piston shaft engaging the lever arm, and resilient means engaging the armature shaft for moving the piston.

20, In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an armature shaft in the frame, a lever arm on the shaft, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge, a piston shaft on the piston, means on an intermediate portion of the piston shaft for engaging the lever, a cap in the path of the piston shaft, a pad in the cap adapted to receive the thrust of the piston shaft, a buffer spring in the frame in contact with the cap, and means engaging the armature shaft for moving the piston.

21. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an armature shaft in the frame, a lever arm on the shaft, a pin on the arm, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge, a piston shaft slid-able inthe frame, projections upon the piston shaft engaging the pin, and resilient means actuating the armature shaft for moving the piston.

22. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an armature shaft inthe frame, a lever arm on the shaft, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge formoving the shaft in -one-direction, a piston shaft comprising two sections pivotally connected with each other,

means on one section for engaging the lever,

and resilient means supported by the frame for moving the armature shaft in the opposite direction.

23. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an armature shaft in the frame, a lever arm on the shaft, a projection on the lever, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge for moving the shaft in one direction, a piston shaft comprising two sections pivotally connected with each other, annular projections on one section slidably embracng the projection on the lever, and means for moving the armature shaft in the opposite direction. I v

24. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an armature shaft in. the frame, a lever arm on the shaft, a piston in the frame actuated. by the engine charge operatively connected with the lever, and means actuated bythe piston for lubricating the piston.

25. In a compression operated ignition device, the eombination with the frame, of a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge, and means actuated by the piston for vice, the combination with the frame, of an e.

armature shaft in the frame, a lever arm on the shaft, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge operatively I connected with the lever, and means in the path of the piston actuated by contact of the piston therewith for discharging the lubricant upon the piston.

28. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with a frame provided with a piston chamber, of a piston in the chamber, an armature shaft in the frame, a lever arm on the shaft operatively connected with the piston, an oil cup on the frame above the chamber, a plug in the frame extending into theoil cup and provided with a vertical passage and with oil ducts leading to the passage, a valve seat in the plug within the cup, a valve on the valve seat, and a stem on the valve passing loosely through the passage and extending into the path of the piston.

29. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with a frame provided with a piston chamber of a piston in the chamber, an oil cup on the frame above the chamber, a plug in the frame extending into the oil cup and provided witha vertical passage and with oil ducts leading to the passage, a valve seat in the plug at the junction of the oil ducts and the vertical passage, a valve on the valve seat, a stem in the valve passing loosely through the passage and extending into the path of the piston,

loo

vice, the combination with a frame provided with a piston chamber,and with a small chamber above and opening into the piston chamber, and with a vent opening communicating with the small chamber, an

oil cup on the frame above the small chamher, a plug in the frame extending into the cup "and into the small chamber, channels in the plug leading from the cup into the small cham'ber', and a valve in the plug controlling the channels, and extending into the piston chamber. 7

31. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination of a casing, a generator in the casing, a lever on the generator, a vertical extension on the casing provided with an opening, tubular lateral extensions upon the first extension, a piston rod in the lateral extensions engaging the lever, and a removable cover upon the vertical extension closing the opening.

32. In a compression operated ignition de-- vice, the combination of a casing, an armature shaftin the casing projecting externally thereof, an arm on the casing surand pneumatic rounding the exterior portion of the shaft, a crank on the end of the shaft exterior of the arm, a threaded pin journaled on the arm and extending beyond the arm, a milled head upon the'pin, a plate engaged by the pin, a spring connecting the crank and plate, a cap inclosing the crank, pin, spring, and plate, and provided with a slot adapted j to receive the pin, and means for attaching the cap to the arm,

33. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an oscillatory armature shaft in the frame, a piston in the frame actuated by the engine charge operatively connected with the shaft, means in the frame for cushioning the advance of the piston.

34. In a compression operated ignition device, the combination with the frame, of an oscillatory armature shaft in the frame, a-

piston in the frame actuated by the engine char 'eoperatively connected with the shaft, and ydraulic means in the frame for cush ioning the advance of the piston.

in testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature.

WARREN F. STANTON. 

